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2024-03-28T11:03:28Z
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The Life and Death of the Luer Lock Syringe
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2017-04-18:4605644:Topic:22909
2017-04-18T23:03:28.902Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><strong>The Life and Death of the Luer</strong><br></br> <br></br> The common luer—once a simple fits-all solution—now creates considerable complications in increasingly complex medical environments. Widespread use of the luer connector has become too much of a good thing. For more than 110 years its simple design made the luer economical to manufacture and easy to use. Today its simplicity threatens patients’ health and physicians’ outcomes.<br></br> <br></br> The luer connector design allows direct or…</p>
<p><strong>The Life and Death of the Luer</strong><br/> <br/> The common luer—once a simple fits-all solution—now creates considerable complications in increasingly complex medical environments. Widespread use of the luer connector has become too much of a good thing. For more than 110 years its simple design made the luer economical to manufacture and easy to use. Today its simplicity threatens patients’ health and physicians’ outcomes.<br/> <br/> The luer connector design allows direct or functional connection between unrelated delivery systems, including vascular, enteral, respiratory, epidural, and intrathecal medical devices, as well their components and accessories. And multiple connections between medical devices and tubing are common in patient care.<br/> <br/> Despite its modern-day difficulties, the luer has a rich history. Luer connectors got their start in 1896 when Karl Schneider, an instrument maker for the H. Wulfing Luer Company of Paris, France created an all-glass syringe that consisted of a glass cylinder and glass plunger with no additional “packing” material to create the seal between plunger and cylinder. A variety of syringes and related products with Luer-type connectors appeared in the company’s catalogs in the early 1900s for a variety of applications, from hypodermic and intravenous injection to urethral and uterine instillation.<br/> <br/> In this original locking form the male and female parts, each featuring a 6% taper, allowed a clean press fit. The simple design created a strong hold that could be accomplished in a variety of materials—glass, metal, and eventually, plastic.<br/> <br/> The next major development solved the problem of keeping needles firmly fixed to syringes when pressure was applied during injection. In 1930, a patent for the Luer-Lok connection was granted to Fairleigh S. Dickinson, cofounder of Becton Dickinson. The addition of locking flanges addressed the Luer’s tendency to pop open under pressure and enabled users to connect the needle to the syringe by twisting to engage interlocking cams.<br/> <br/> The Luer-Lok connector locks and unlocks with a twist and remains locked. Due to these features, this simple, effective and economical connector gained attention in a wide variety of medical applications. (Roughly 20 years after the Luer-Lok patent was issued, the luer lost its proper-name status. Except for specific references to events after 1950, luer-lock and luer are lowercased.)<br/> <br/> Before and after development of the Luer-Lok, various tapered connectors found expanded use in medical applications particularly involving syringes.<br/> <br/> The 1925 S. Maw, Son, and Sons catalog includes a Rose’s “antrum instrument” for use in nose and throat surgery. A tapered connector is used to attach the cannula.<br/> A 1930s Charles Lentz & Sons catalog includes a variety of lachrymal syringes for irrigating the tear ducts and nasal instruments with tapered connections for washing and suction.<br/> The Allen & Hansburys Ltd. catalog included a “Record” syringe with needles. Record and Luer connectors coexisted until the 1980s.<br/> The 1943 V. Mueller & Company catalog illustrated a variety of connectors for medical applications, including the Luer-slip (trademarked by Becton Dickinson), Luer-Lok, small French slip, large French slip, standard thread, Record slip, 606 hose end, ¼″ tubing.<br/> <br/> In 1954 Becton Dickinson introduced a disposable glass syringe for a test of the Salk polio vaccine. Over a period of three weeks the syringes were used to vaccinate more than 1 million children in 44 states. One year later, Roehr Products introduced Monoject, the world’s first disposable plastic syringe. In 1961, Becton Dickinson introduced Plastipak, a disposable plastic syringe. However, because many believed sterilization of reusable syringes was economical and comparably safe, there was little demand for the products.<br/> <br/> The fate of the reusable syringe was sealed when Dr. Albert Weiner was convicted on 12 counts of manslaughter in December 1961 after a dozen of his patients died of hepatitis attributed to the reuse of infected syringes. Demand for disposable syringes skyrocketed, and within a year, disposables secured one-third of the U.S. needle market. The mass production of plastic luer-type syringes, in turn, led to the growing use of plastic luer connectors in a variety of applications. That expanded interest and use could now lead to its contraction in the medical marketplace.</p>
<p><br/> <strong>Expanding Use of the Luer</strong><br/> <br/> Advances in thermoplastic technology allowed manufacturers to mold plastics in precise parts and dimensions, making luer connectors easier to manufacture. They were rapidly adopted in a variety of medical applications. In 1961, for example, a method for percutaneous transvenous catherization was described as using “dialysis tubing fixed to a Luer-lock at the end of the venous catheter.”<br/> <br/> During the 1960s industry consolidation survivors Abbott Labs, Baxter, and B Braun dictated fit, form, and function of intravenous (IV) connectors. They settled on the luer and luer-lock connectors and agreed on dimensions and materials as they moved away from metal and glass. Connecting metal and glass together could result in cracks, leakage and/or entrainment of nonsterile air leading to infection.<br/> <br/> The luer style was selected because it was reliable, and inexpensive to manufacture, and therefore purchase. It also had a simple design that worked with few complications, and allowed device manufacturers to make items that would easily connect with other products.</p>
<p><br/> <strong>Subsequent Developments</strong><br/> <br/> Indwelling catheters, such as the PICC line, drove the development of new luer-type connectors. The female connectors on the indwelling catheter represented an open system that was capped using a closed-end male luer-lock connection—essentially a cork. The cap could be removed to provide access, but it provided an opening for infection. The alternative closed-system connectors were permanently capped with a rubber injection port through which a needle could be inserted to draw blood or introduce medication. The closed injection port used a male luer connector attached to the female luer at the end of the indwelling catheter.<br/> <br/> In approximately 1978 the ANSI Luer Taper Standard was issued, the first-ever parenteral device connection standard. (Other standards from the EU and Japan came later.) The nonstandardization of materials and dimensions had resulted in deaths, injuries, misconnections, and taped connections. The new standard allowed an approximately five-year phase-in period to develop new molding machines and use existing inventory.<br/> <br/> In the 1980s, rising concern over needle sticks as a cause of hepatitis and HIV transmission led to the development of needle-less technologies. Blunt plastic cannulae replaced metal needles as a means of entering the closed system through the rubber port. Luer-activated devices (LADs) performed a similar function, creating a leakproof seal that opened automatically when a suitable luer-based connector was attached to it.<br/> <br/> In complex IV systems, stopcocks allow delivery of various materials to be turned off and on without opening the system, providing individualized control over multiple materials being introduced through the same line. These modular systems, largely created using lures, allowed a level of control over the delivery of drugs, blood, and other materials and reduced the opportunity for infection.<br/> <br/> At the same time, luers were being used to connect gas delivery lines for applications such as limb cuff inflation. Patients in operating, recovery, and emergency rooms could have dozens of luer connections delivering a variety of gases and liquids.<br/> <br/> By the late 1960s, the luer had largely supplanted the more slender Record connector due to the marketing dominance and technological leadership of U.S. companies' intravenous (parenteral) products. U.S. dominance of the IV market in terms of IV bottles, IV bags, kits and trays and the associated sets and devices, all revolved around the use of the parenteral luer.<br/> <br/> The luer connector had become the de facto standard in the U.S. by 1980, however most European users employed the Record (sometimes referred to as Rekord) connector. Interestingly, the luer was not formally defined as a standardized small-bore (inside diameter less than 8.5mm) connector until 1986. (It is defined in ISO594-1 and ISO594-2 and described as a “conical fitting with a 6% taper for syringes, needles, and certain other medical equipment.”)<br/> <br/> The luer’s place in medical history was solidified following investigations of an August 1988 midair collision at the U.S. Ramstein Air Base. (See the sidebar "Air Show Disaster Elevates Luer Connector.")</p>
<p><br/> <strong>What the Future Holds</strong><br/> <br/> Luers have a long, storied history and possibly a replicated future. But there will be changes in form and function, if not fit. National committees and international working groups are driving the changes, as are researchers and users. The question of what the future holds for the simple luer might be answered in the new options manufacturers are offering.</p>
<p><br/> What was once a simple solution in a simple time is now being replaced with a more appropriately straightforward method: matching connectors for each media and purpose. Even where general luers may still be used, they likely will see design changes. Applications in which luers are no longer are allowed will see significant change. And, as medical applications advance so must the connector industry’s progress.</p>
<p><br/> Connector manufacturers are adopting unique closure and fitting applications including color-coding, audible signals (a click when the match is right) and radio frequency identification (RFID).</p>
<p>Matching-color sets can reduce the risk of mistaken connections. Textured closures can simplify and ease the mating process. Audible indicators clarify whether the proper closure has been made. RFID signals warn of misconnections, declare good connections, and record the findings. Colors, textures, and connection options are just a few of the possibilities being considered to meet stricter requirements, and also retain the luer’s low-cost appeal.<br/> <br/> Given safety concerns and new standards that restrict their use, luers will either decline in use or change dramatically from a design that has seen few alterations throughout its lifetime. The popularity of new and different connectors such as quick-disconnect couplings continues to rise, because these advances offer greater protection and confidence in accuracy and closure success. <br/> <br/> Manufacturing innovations are making these critical safety options more accessible and affordable as luers are phased out of many medical environments, where standards risk mitigation call for safer new approaches. Luers might still be used for vascular access; however, the focus is on new connector designs that specifically address the prevention of misconnections in other applications. <br/> <br/> Certainly it is the buyers’ and the manufacturers’ responses to the standards committees that spell the fate of the luer. ISO 80369 will test the industry’s willingness to turn from a tested, but now questioned, low-cost technology toward new, potentially more costly, but safer connection options. Likely the widespread use of luers will diminish. No one technology will replace them. The fun part will be to see what comes next.<br/> <br/> ++++++++++++++<br/> <br/> Jim Brown is business unit manager for medical markets at Colder Products Co. He has been customizing fluid connections for more than 20 years. His expertise includes applications for medical devices such as blood pressure monitoring, dialysis, and surgical equipment. He has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota, Institute of Technology. Brown is a member of LifeScience Alley and AAMI and currently serves as a US Expert to ISO Technical Committee 210/JWG4 developing standards to prevent misconnections of small-bore connectors.<br/> <br/> Author: <br/> Jim Brown</p>
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<p>The QD Syringe Systems team is working on the first of its kind revolutionary patient only syringe (ISO-80369). With color-coding, matching-color sets and it's very own mating neutral displacement needleless connector and IV tubing. It is time to rethink medication deliver.</p>
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<p>Christopher Green, R.N.Inventor</p>
<p><a href="http://www.QDSyringe.com">www.QDSyringe.com</a></p>
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QD Syringe Systems Announces The World’s First Fully Functional Basic Syringe
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2017-03-25:4605644:Topic:23004
2017-03-25T12:58:11.819Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p>ST. PETERSBURG, FL (PRWEB) MARCH 21, 2017</p>
<p><br></br> Ready, set, go! QD Syringe Systems, LLC. introduces a revolutionary product to enter the market soon – Quick Draw Syringe™, the world’s first fully functional low dead space basic syringe. The Quick Draw Syringe or QD Syringe is touted as the next generation of basic functional disposable syringes. It’s an easier, safer alternative for medical professionals to use than the outdated and sometimes hazardous and wasteful syringes currently…</p>
<p>ST. PETERSBURG, FL (PRWEB) MARCH 21, 2017</p>
<p><br/> Ready, set, go! QD Syringe Systems, LLC. introduces a revolutionary product to enter the market soon – Quick Draw Syringe™, the world’s first fully functional low dead space basic syringe. The Quick Draw Syringe or QD Syringe is touted as the next generation of basic functional disposable syringes. It’s an easier, safer alternative for medical professionals to use than the outdated and sometimes hazardous and wasteful syringes currently in use.</p>
<p><br/> "With so many changes in technology, we decided that there was a great need for not just a new disposable syringe but one that vastly improved the function, safety and efficiency of it. And with the rising costs of healthcare, there was also a need for a basic syringe that was cost-effective. The QD Syringe is faster, more efficacious and simplifies the process of withdrawing medication from a rubber stopper vial and injecting it into a patient or within seconds, immediately delivers medication into a patient’s luer access split septum," says Christopher Green, CEO and co-founder of QD Syringe Systems. QD Syringe is simple – open the package and it’s fully functional.</p>
<p><br/> Basic syringes nationwide haven’t had a design change in decades and while they work, they aren’t as effective as they could be. The basic Luer Lock syringe is essentially dependent on two needles with hubs, one to draw the medication into its chamber and the second to deliver the medication to its intended patient. Current basic syringes waste costly medications, up to 42 microliters in its separate draw needle and up to 42 microliters left in the vial and often leaving up to 84 microliters of residual medication volume in the syringe tip and hub after patient delivery. This means up to 168 microliters of expensive medication is wasted. With the GlyFlo Technology™, the QD syringe has a uniquely patented and integrated cone-shaped tip with channels which allows the QD Syringe to extract all of the medication necessary from rubber stopper vials and to deliver that costly medicine to patients effectively. "The QD Syringe leaves as little as 18 microliters of residual volume from draw to patient delivery, which drastically cuts the waste of costly medications by 89.5%. This is a massive money-saving benefit to the healthcare industry and consumers," says Christopher Green.</p>
<p><br/> Because of the high dead space in current basic syringes, blood can linger on the tip and inside of its hub which has been shown to encapsulate dangerous living pathogens for many weeks. However, the QD Syringe has a blunt tip with bilateral drying channels (like an inside out needle), causing blood not to pool which makes it much safer for medical experts and reduces the spread of infectious diseases. In addition, the QD Syringe can access both pre-slit, non-pre-slit injection receptacles and has its own ultra sharp steel needle with hub which mates over the cone-shaped GlyFlo tip for immediate patient access.<br/> <br/> <a href="http://www.QDSyringe.com">http://www.QDSyringe.com</a><br/> <br/> © 2017 QD Syringes Systems ~ The QD Syringe is a patented product registered with the U.S. Patent Office.</p>
Estimated cost of injectable medication waste attributable to syringe dead space
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2016-11-14:4605644:Topic:22383
2016-11-14T11:55:53.808Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p>Excess waste is a well-known known driver of inefficiency in the US health care system. Medication waste contributes to this inefficiency and has recently been described among cancer medications, but it may also be attributable to the syringes used to deliver injectable medications. Syringe dead space is the volume of residual fluid that remains within the syringe after the plunger is fully depressed during medication injection. High dead space syringes, compared with low dead space…</p>
<p>Excess waste is a well-known known driver of inefficiency in the US health care system. Medication waste contributes to this inefficiency and has recently been described among cancer medications, but it may also be attributable to the syringes used to deliver injectable medications. Syringe dead space is the volume of residual fluid that remains within the syringe after the plunger is fully depressed during medication injection. High dead space syringes, compared with low dead space syringes, are associated with increased risk for medication waste. If costly injectable medications are administered using high dead-space syringes, syringe dead space may contribute to excess medication waste in the US health care system. We estimated differences in the cost of injectable medication waste attributable to high dead space syringes and low dead-space syringes.</p>
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<p><a href="http://qdsyringe.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/QD-Syringe-Low-Dead-Space-Syringe-1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://qdsyringe.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/QD-Syringe-Low-Dead-Space-Syringe-1.jpg" class="align-full"/></a></p>
<p>A new study finds that high dead-space syringes, characterized by a detachable needle, are especially wasteful. Researchers determined that the median cost of wastage for self-injectable drugs delivered through high dead space syringes was $5.43 per single dose and $1,637.91 annually. By comparison, wastage from medication dispensed through low dead-space syringes was significantly less at a median $0.54 and $124.52, respectively. Replacing high dead space syringes with low dead space syringes, which have a permanently attached or integrated needle and/or a conical plunger to shrink dead space in the needle hub, is seen a one way to avoid preventable medication waste.</p>
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<p>Written by:</p>
<div class="field field-name-field-byline field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>JAMA Internal Medicine (06/06/16)</p>
<p>Oramasionwu, Christine U.; Cole, Ashley L.; Dixon, Matthew S.; et al.</p>
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QD Syringe | QD Low Dead Space Syringes vs Traditional Basic Syringes
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2016-10-31:4605644:Topic:22265
2016-10-31T20:39:50.524Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499320?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499320?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="637"></img></a></p>
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<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499680?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499680?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a> <a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499959?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499959?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a></p>
<p>The QD Syringe is the next generation of disposable syringes which are designed for greater safety and…</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499320?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="637" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499320?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" class="align-full" width="637"/></a></p>
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<p>The QD Syringe is the next generation of disposable syringes which are designed for greater safety and efficiency. The patented QD Syringe with its one-piece glyflo tip is a ready to use draw syringe that reduces liabilities, hazardous waste, additional inventory and eliminates vial-caused needle dulling for sharper and less painful patient injections. The patented design of the QD Syringe includes several innovative concepts that also help make it one of the most versatile syringe products available.</p>
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<p>The QD Hub and needle mates perfectly with the internal glyflo tip creating a low residual volume injection. The QD Syringe is compatible with existing luer lock hubs for seamless pre-slit injection receptacle injections and QD hubs are available up to 20+ needle gauge sizes.</p>
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<p>The QD Syringe opens the door for detachable QD Nano needles for less painful injections. The QD Syringe hubs with needles are designed to be used in one single insertion action allowing our engineering team at QD Syringe Systems to create the most thin walled super sharp needles possible.</p>
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<p><a href="http://www.QDSyringe.com">www.QDSyringe.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.QDSyringeSystems.com">www.QDSyringeSystems.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.Syringes.co">www.Syringes.co</a></p>
QD Syringe | Low Waste and Low Residual Infectious Pathogen Syringe
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2016-10-29:4605644:Topic:22379
2016-10-29T16:50:24.051Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499577?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499577?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a></p>
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<p>QD Syringes are the next generation of basic disposable plastic syringes with detachable injection hubs with needles. The QD Syringe does not need a detachable draw needle to draw fluid inside of its barrel. The QD Syringe has an integrated poly-carbonate tip with GlyFlo<span class="_Tgc"><b>™</b></span> Technology to accomplish this task. The QD…</p>
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<p>QD Syringes are the next generation of basic disposable plastic syringes with detachable injection hubs with needles. The QD Syringe does not need a detachable draw needle to draw fluid inside of its barrel. The QD Syringe has an integrated poly-carbonate tip with GlyFlo<span class="_Tgc"><b>™</b></span> Technology to accomplish this task. The QD Syringe is a low dead space syringe and has the sharpest needles of any injection syringe available. <br/><br/>The QD Syringe works by being functional right out of it's package. It is the only syringe that is able to draw fluid into itself. Then the appropriate steel needle gauge and length is attached over it's tip and a virtually painless injection is given. <br/><br/>The painless injection is accomplished by not using the sharp steel needle to draw up medications and dulling its tip prior to giving the patient injection. The QD Syringe give iv push injections and is also compatible with a majority of pre-slit injection receptacles such as the BD Q-Syte. All of this is accomplished by the low dead space QD Syringe. <br/><br/><a href="http://www.QDSyringe.com">www.QDSyringe.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.QDSyringeSystems.com">www.QDSyringeSystems.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.Syringes.co">www.Syringes.co</a></p>
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Low Dead Space Syringe | QD Syringe | QD Syringe Systems®
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2016-10-04:4605644:Topic:22240
2016-10-04T16:11:26.375Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><a href="http://www.qdsyringe.com" target="_blank"><img class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323500669?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a> The QD Syringe has been touted as the next generation of safer and more effective syringes to enter the market - the Quick Draw Syringe™. The Quick Draw Syringe or the QD Syringe is a revolutionary product that will be the world’s first fully functional basic low dead space syringe with detachable and low residual volume QD hubs with needles.<br></br> <br></br> Created by Christopher Green, CEO and co-founder of QD Syringe Systems…</p>
<p><a href="http://www.qdsyringe.com" target="_blank"><img width="750" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323500669?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" class="align-left" width="750"/></a>The QD Syringe has been touted as the next generation of safer and more effective syringes to enter the market - the Quick Draw Syringe™. The Quick Draw Syringe or the QD Syringe is a revolutionary product that will be the world’s first fully functional basic low dead space syringe with detachable and low residual volume QD hubs with needles.<br/> <br/> Created by Christopher Green, CEO and co-founder of QD Syringe Systems Inc., this patented eco-friendly product is unique in the fact that it is fully functional out of its package, it is safer and easier for medical professionals to use and a low dead space syringe that tremendously reduces medication waste and residual volume. Headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida, QD Syringe Systems, Inc. CEO says the design of basic syringe hasn’t been updated in decades. Until now. Introducing the QD Syringe.<br/> <br/> <a href="http://www.QDSyringe.com">http://www.QDSyringe.com</a><br/> <a href="http://www.QDSyringeSystems.com">http://www.QDSyringeSystems.com</a></p>
Pre-Filled Syringe Safety Concerns
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2013-01-21:4605644:Topic:17410
2013-01-21T13:50:46.657Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323498550?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-left" height="574" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323498550?profile=original" width="453"></img></a> Many nurses may want to dilute small volumes of IV push medications to aid slow administration or to reduce the possible blow out of an IV and a possible harmful infiltration, or they may want to dilute doses of IV analgesics to speed initial delivery to the patient.</p>
<p>Sometimes the nurse may want to gently introduce IV medication to a patients IV access site. This is an…</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323498550?profile=original"><img class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323498550?profile=original" width="453" height="574"/></a>Many nurses may want to dilute small volumes of IV push medications to aid slow administration or to reduce the possible blow out of an IV and a possible harmful infiltration, or they may want to dilute doses of IV analgesics to speed initial delivery to the patient.</p>
<p>Sometimes the nurse may want to gently introduce IV medication to a patients IV access site. This is an important choice for the nurse. Depending on where the IV access is located. If an IV is located in a patients arm (small vein) the nurse knows that any hypertonic solution (medication) may need to be diluted a little to ease the entrance of medication into the patients delicate IV Access site. If the IV site is a central line then the nurse would not pay as close of attentions to the hypertonic medication because of the large vein. But even though an IV push was given there should be either a normal saline flush behind it or a continuous IV helping push the remaining medication into the patients blood stream.</p>
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<p>How do you dilute a pre-filled syringe? Is this possible and safe? Because is happening.</p>
<p><span class="font-size-3"><strong>Nurses are emptying the entire Pre-filled syringe into a basic syringe then adding normal saline for dilution of medication.</strong></span></p>
Needlestick injury
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2012-01-06:4605644:Topic:9002
2012-01-06T02:41:18.680Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499378?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" target="_self"><img class="align-left" height="348" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499378?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="255"></img></a> A needlestick injury is a percutaneous piercing wound typically set by a needle point, but possibly also by other sharp instruments or objects. Commonly encountered by people handling needles in the medical setting, such injuries are an occupational hazard in the medical community. These events are of concern because of the risk to transmit…</p>
<p><a width="440" height="600" target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499378?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024"><img width="440" height="600" class="align-left" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3323499378?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" height="348" width="255"/></a>A needlestick injury is a percutaneous piercing wound typically set by a needle point, but possibly also by other sharp instruments or objects. Commonly encountered by people handling needles in the medical setting, such injuries are an occupational hazard in the medical community. These events are of concern because of the risk to transmit blood-borne diseases through the passage of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus which causes AIDS.<br/><br/>Despite their seriousness as a medical event, needlestick injuries have been neglected: most go unreported and ICD-10 coding is not available. On the other hand, as needlesticks have been recognized as occupational hazards, their prevention has become the subject of regulations in an effort to reduce and eliminate this preventable event.</p>
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<p>Needlestick injuries are a common event in the healthcare environment. When drawing blood, administering an intramuscular or intravenous drug, or performing other procedures involving sharps, the needle can slip and injure the healthcare worker. This sets the stage to transmit viruses from the source person to the recipient. These injuries also commonly occur during needle recapping and as a result of failure to place used needles in approved sharps containers. During surgery, a surgical needle may inadvertendly penetrate the glove and skin of the surgeon or assistant. Penetrating accidents of the surgeon or assistant with the scalpel or other sharp instruments are also handled as a needlestick injury. Generally needlestick injuries cause only minor bleeding or visible trauma, however, even in the absence of bleeding the risk of viral infection remains. Scalpel injuries tend to be larger than a needlestick. In turn, a needlestick injury may also pose a risk for a patient if the injured health professional carries HBV, HCV or HIV. Needlestick injuries are not limited to the medical community. Any environment where sharps are encountered poses a risk.</p>
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<p>The frequency of such events has been estimated to be about 800,000 cases in the USA alone (1999 report) Another investigation estimates the rates of injuries on a global level to affect about 3.5 million individuals. Among healthcare workers nurses and physicians appear especially at risk; an investigation among American surgeons indicates that almost every surgeon experienced at least one such injury during their training. Within the medical field specialties differ in regard to the risk of needlestick injury, thus surgery, anesthesia, ENT, internal medicine, and dermatology tend to show relatively high, and radiology and pediatrics relatively low rates of injury. Half or more events may go unreported as injured healthcare workers may not take the time to report, downplay the risk, or fear stigmatization and professional consequences.</p>
<p><br/>Needlestick injuries may occur not only with freshly contaminated sharps, but also, after some time, with needles that carry dry blood. While the infectiousness of HIV and HCV decrease within a couple of hours, HBV remains stable during desiccation and infectious for more than a week.</p>
<p><br/>Needlestick injuries are of significant concern to police workers. In San Diego 30% of police workers reported such injuries typically when searching suspects.</p>
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<p>While needlestick injuries have the potential of transferring bacteria, protozoa, viruses and prions, from a practical point the transmission of the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is important. It is estimated that annually as a consequence there are 66,000 infections with HBV, 16,000 with HCV, and 1,000 with HIV worldwide. In addition, a needlestick injury may lead to significant stress and anxiety for the affected injured person. Taking care of a needlestick injury is costly, estimated to be about $ 2,500 in the short term in the US.<br/><br/>Hepatitis B carries the greatest risk of transmission, with 37 to 62% of exposed workers eventually showing seroconversion and 22 to 31% showing clinical Hepatitis B infection. The hepatitis C transmission rate has been reported at 1.8%, but newer, larger surveys have shown only a 0.5% transmission rate. The overall risk of HIV infection after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected material in the health care setting is 0.3%.</p>
<p><br/>The specific risk of a single injury depends on a number of factors when the patients harbor the virus of concern. Injuries with a hollow-bore needle, deep penetration, visible blood on the needle, a needle that was located in a deep artery or vein, or with blood from terminally ill patients are known to increase the risk for HIV infection.</p>
<p><br/>Estimates of the risk of a single injury indicate a risk of 300 HBV infections (30% risk), 30 HCV infection (3% risk) and 3 HIV infections (0.3% risk) per 1,000 respective exposures.</p>
<p><br/>While the vast majority of needlestick injuries occur when the source-person does not carry the HBV, HCV, and HIV and thus do not carry a risk of infection, these events nevertheless cause stress and anxiety and signal a breakdown in protocol and prevention.</p>
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<p>Preventive steps can be taken at several levels and include reduction or elimination of use of sharps as much as possible, engineering controls (i.e., needles or syringes with safety devices), administrative controls including training and provision of adequate resources, and work practice controls; the latter may include using instruments (not fingers) to grasp needles, load scalpels, and avoiding hand-to-hand passing of sharp instruments also preparing of medications especially removing cap. Removing cap from a needle generally causes needle stick injury. There are several ways to remove the cap from the needle but the most ideal and safest way to remove the cap is by carefully grasping the syringe and guiding the needle cap using the thumb and the pointing finger. Then gently push the cap away from the syringe to detach the cap from the hub. In this way needle stick injury can be prevented by avoiding the incidence of the rebound effect. Do not use the other hand as it increases the likeliness to have the syringe to rebound. Engineering advances include the development of safety needles and needle removers. The adherence to "no-touch" protocols that eliminate direct contact with needles in their use and disposal greatly reduce the risk of injury. In the surgical setting blunt-tip suture needles are able to reduce needlestick injuries. The American College of Surgeons (ACS) has endorsed the adoption of blunt-tip suture needles for suturing fascia.<br/><br/>Some countries have enacted legislation to protect healthcare workers. In the US, the Needlestick Safety Act was signed in 2000 and Bloodborne Pathogens Standard in 2001. These regulations mandate the use of safety devices and needle-removers with any sharps or needles. Discarded sharps enter the medical waste stream.</p>
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<p>After a needlestick injury, certain procedures must be followed to minimize the risk of infection for the recipient. The affected area should be rinsed and washed thoroughly with soap and water; the practice to "milk out" more blood is controversial and not recommended by the CDC. Lab tests of the recipient are obtained for baseline studies: HIV, acute hepatitis panel (HAV IgM, HBsAg, HB core IgM, HCV) and for immunized individuals HB surface antibody. Unless already known, the infectious status of the source needs to be determined by checking for HBsAG, anti-HCV, and HIV antibody. Unless the source is known to be negative for HBV, HCV, and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be initiated, ideally within one hour of the injury; typically this is done in the emergency department or the occupational health office. Guidelines for PEP have been updated over recent years in view of the introduction of new drugs, and protocols may differ somewhat between countries.</p>
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<p>Current CDC guidelines call for the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and/or hepatitis B vaccine. While the efficacy of the combination as not been evaluated in the needlestick injury setting, it has been shown to be the most efficacious approach in the perinatal setting. The approach has no contraindications during pregnancy and lactation.<br/><br/><br/>CDC guidelines acknowledge that there is no active PEP for HCV, only recommendations intended to achieve early identification of chronic disease and, when detected, referral for evaluation of treatment options. According to the CDC identification of acute infection with HCV may not necessitate active intervention. However, there is some evidence that treatment with interferon alfa-2b may be beneficial preventing chronic hepatitis.<br/><br/><br/>CDC guidelines generally recommend a PEP protocol with 3 or more antiviral drugs, when it is known that the donor was HIV positive; however, when the viral load was low and none of the above noted risk factors are met, the CDC protocol utilizes 2 antiviral drugs. Such a 2 drug protocol should also be considered when the donor status cannot be determined (i,e injury by a random needle in a used sharps' container), but there is an increased risk that the source was from a risk group for HIV. PEP drugs for prevention of HIV infection are given for 4 weeks and may include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and a single fusion inhibitor. PEP anti-HIV regimens are accompanied by significant side effects and their utilization is not indicated when there is evidence that HIV transmission is not involved; also, initiated protocols can be stopped when data appear indicating that the source-person is HIV-negative. Regardless whether PEP is instituted, follow-up of exposed individuals includes counseling and HIV testing by enzyme immunoassay to monitor for a possible seroconversion for at least 6 months after exposure. Such tests are done at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months, and longer in specific circumstances, such as co-infection with HCV.</p>
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tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2011-12-13:4605644:Topic:8408
2011-12-13T00:50:54.012Z
Christopher Green
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QD Syringe Systems ~ Global Market
tag:qdsyringesystems.com,2011-10-21:4605644:Topic:5717
2011-10-21T14:03:10.255Z
Christopher Green
https://qdsyringesystems.com/profile/ChrisGreen
<p>QD Syringe Systems ~ Global Market Opportunities.</p>
<p><a href="http://qdsyringesystems.com/video/qd-syringe-systems-needlestick-stats-safety-syringes">http://qdsyringesystems.com/video/qd-syringe-systems-needlestick-stats-safety-syringes</a></p>
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<p>QD Syringe Systems ~ Global Market Opportunities.</p>
<p><a href="http://qdsyringesystems.com/video/qd-syringe-systems-needlestick-stats-safety-syringes">http://qdsyringesystems.com/video/qd-syringe-systems-needlestick-stats-safety-syringes</a></p>
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